CHAPTER 2: BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
This chapter involved breaking down what biological molecules are made of, and explaining their roles.
In the test I demonstrated knowledge of what lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates are made of as well as what they do. I also described the difference between unsaturated fatty acids and a saturated fatty acid, and the difference between Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary structures.
Lipids serve as insulation, metabolic water use from fat intake, and fat storage. They are insoluable and non-polar. They have 3 fatty acid tails and one glycerol molecule. Another type of lipid is a phospholipid and contains 2 fatty acid tails and one hydrophilic phosphate head.
The three main groups of carbohydrates are:
1) Monosaccharides- one sugar molecule ex. glucose. They serve as the building blocks for larger molecules and serve as energy in aerobic respiration.
2) Disaccharides- the joining of two monosaccharides together ex. sucrose
3) Polysaccharides- numerous monosaccharides joined together by condensation to form a storage of monosaccharides and energy ex. cellulose.
Proteins are made of amino acids and serve as things like hormones, energy, and structure. Proteins exist in four stages:
These molecules react together to create living things as well as sustain them.
In the test I demonstrated knowledge of what lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates are made of as well as what they do. I also described the difference between unsaturated fatty acids and a saturated fatty acid, and the difference between Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary structures.
Lipids serve as insulation, metabolic water use from fat intake, and fat storage. They are insoluable and non-polar. They have 3 fatty acid tails and one glycerol molecule. Another type of lipid is a phospholipid and contains 2 fatty acid tails and one hydrophilic phosphate head.
The three main groups of carbohydrates are:
1) Monosaccharides- one sugar molecule ex. glucose. They serve as the building blocks for larger molecules and serve as energy in aerobic respiration.
2) Disaccharides- the joining of two monosaccharides together ex. sucrose
3) Polysaccharides- numerous monosaccharides joined together by condensation to form a storage of monosaccharides and energy ex. cellulose.
Proteins are made of amino acids and serve as things like hormones, energy, and structure. Proteins exist in four stages:
- Primary Structure: the arrangement of amino acids in a polypeptide
- Secondary Structure: the geometric arrangement of amino acids in a polypeptide.
- Tertiary structure: the 3D structural arrangement of the different amino acids of a polypeptide.
- Quaternary structure: the 3D structure created by the joining of two or more polypeptides
These molecules react together to create living things as well as sustain them.